Surgery global period
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The global surgical package,
also called global surgery, includes all the necessary services normally furnished by
a surgeon before, during, and after a procedure. Medicare payment for a surgical procedure includes the preoperative, intra-operative, and post-operative services.
PRE-OPERATIVE PERIOD BILLING
E/M Service Resulting in the Initial Decision to Perform Surgery.
E/M services on the day before major surgery or on the day of major surgery that result in the initial decision
to perform the surgery are not included in the global surgery payment for the major surgery. Therefore, these
services may be billed and paid separately.
In addition to the CPT E/M code, modifier “-57” (Decision for surgery) is used to identify a visit that results in
the initial decision to perform surgery.
The modifier “-57” is not used with minor surgeries because the global period for minor surgeries does not
include the day prior to the surgery. When the decision to perform the minor procedure is typically done
immediately before the service, it is considered a routine pre-operative service and a visit or consultation is not
billed in addition to the procedure.
DAY OF PROCEDURE BILLING
Modifier “-25” (Significant, separately identifiable E/M service by the same physician on the same day of the
procedure), indicates that the patient’s condition required a significant, separately identifiable E/M service
beyond the usual pre-operative and post-operative care associated with the procedure or service.
Use modifier “-25” with the appropriate level of E/M service.
Use modifiers “-24” (Unrelated E/M service by the same physician during a post-operative period) and
“-25” when a significant, separately identifiable E/M service on the day of a procedure falls within the
post-operative period of another unrelated procedure.
POST-OPERATIVE PERIOD BILLING
Unrelated Procedure or Service or E/M Service by the Same Physician During a
Post-operative Period.
Two CPT modifiers are used to simplify billing for visits and other procedures that are furnished during the
post-operative period of a surgical procedure, but not included in the payment for surgical procedure. These
modifiers are:
Modifier “-79” (Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician during a post-operative period).
The physician may need to indicate that a procedure or service furnished during a post-operative
period was unrelated to the original procedure. A new post-operative period begins when the unrelated
procedure is billed.
Modifier “-24” (Unrelated E/M service by the same physician during a post-operative period). The
physician may need to indicate that an E/M service was furnished during the post-operative period
of an unrelated procedure. An E/M service billed with modifier “-24” must be accompanied by
documentation that supports that the service is not related to the post-operative care of the procedure.
Return to the OR for a Related Procedure during the Post-Operative Period.
When treatment for complications requires a return trip to the operating room, physicians bill the CPT code that
describes the procedure(s) performed during the return trip. If no such code exists, the physician should use
the unspecified procedure code in the correct series, which is, 47999 or 64999. The procedure code for the
original surgery is not used except when the identical procedure is repeated.
In addition to the CPT code, physicians report modifier “-78” (Unplanned return to the operating or procedure
room by the same physician following initial procedure for a related procedure during the post-operative period).
The physician may also need to indicate that another procedure was performed during the post-operative period
of the initial procedure. When this subsequent procedure is related to the first procedure, and requires the use of
the operating room, this circumstance may be reported by adding the modifier “-78” to the related procedure.
Staged or Related Procedure or Service by the Same Physician During the Post-operative Period. Modifier “-58” (Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician during the post-operative period)
was established to facilitate billing of staged or related surgical procedures done during the post-operative
period of the first procedure. Modifier “-58” indicates that the performance of a procedure or service during the
post-operative period was:
• Planned prospectively or at the time of the original procedure
• More extensive than the original procedure
• For therapy following a diagnostic surgical procedure.
Critical Care.
Critical care services furnished during a global surgical period for a seriously injured or burned patient are not
considered related to a surgical procedure and may be paid separately under the following circumstances.
Pre-operative and post-operative critical care may be paid in addition to a global fee if:
The patient is critically ill and requires the constant attendance of the physician;
In order for these services to be paid, two reporting requirements must be met:
CPT codes 99291/99292 and modifier “-25” for pre-operative care or “-24” for post-operative care must
be used; and
Documentation that the critical care was unrelated to the specific anatomic injury or general surgical
procedure performed must be submitted. An ICD-10 code for a disease or separate injury which
clearly indicates that the critical care was unrelated to the surgery is acceptable documentation.
Billing for Bilateral Procedures.
The terminology for some procedure codes includes the terms “bilateral” (such as code 27395; Lengthening
of the hamstring tendon; multiple, bilateral.) or “unilateral or bilateral” (for example, code 52290;
cystourethroscopy; with ureteral meatotomy, unilateral or bilateral). The payment adjustment rules for bilateral
surgeries do not apply to procedures identified by CPT as “bilateral” or “unilateral or bilateral” since the fee
schedule reflects any additional work required for bilateral surgeries.
If a procedure is not identified by its terminology as a bilateral procedure (or unilateral or bilateral), physicians
must report the procedure with modifier “-50.” They report such procedures as a single line item. (NOTE: This
differs from the CPT coding guidelines which indicate that bilateral procedures should be billed as two line items.)
Claims for Assistant-at-Surgery Services.
Procedures billed with the assistant-at-surgery physician modifiers “-80” (Assistant Surgeon), “-81” (Minimum
assistant surgeon), “-82” (Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available)), or the AS
modifier (physician assistants, nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists), are subject to the assistant-at surgery policy. Accordingly, Medicare pays claims for procedures with these modifiers only if the services of an
assistant-at-surgery are authorized.
Claims for Co-Surgeons and Team Surgeons.
Under some circumstances, the individual skills of two or more surgeons are required to perform surgery on
the same patient during the same operative session. This may be required because of the complex nature
of the procedures and/or the patient’s condition.
each
surgeon bills for the procedure with a modifier “-62” (Two surgeons).
Co-surgery also refers to surgical
procedures involving two surgeons performing the parts of the procedure simultaneously, such as,
heart transplant or bilateral knee replacements.
Certain services that require documentation of medical
necessity for two surgeons are identified in the MPFS look-up tool.
NOTE: Some procedures require modifier “-62” and will be returned without payment if it is not
used by both surgeons.
If a team of surgeons (more than 2 surgeons of different specialties) is required to perform a specific
procedure, each surgeon bills for the procedure with a modifier “-66” (Surgical team). Field 25 of
the MFSDB identifies certain services submitted with a “-66” modifier which must be sufficiently
documented to establish that a team was medically necessary. All claims for team surgeons must
contain sufficient information to allow pricing “by report.”
Claims for Multiple Surgeries.
Multiple surgeries are separate procedures performed by a single physician or physicians in the same group
practice on the same patient at the same operative session or on the same day for which separate payment
may be allowed. Co-surgeons, surgical teams, or assistants-at-surgery may participate in performing multiple
surgeries on the same patient on the same day.
Using Modifiers “-54” and “-55”
• Surgical care only (modifier “-54”)
• Post-operative management only (modifier “-55”)
Modifier “-54” indicates that the surgeon is relinquishing all or part of the post-operative care to a physician.
• Modifier “-54” does not apply to assistant-at-surgery services.
• Modifier “-54” does not apply to an Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC’s) facility fees.
The physician, other than the surgeon, who furnishes post-operative management services, bills with
modifier “-55.”
• Use modifier “-55” with the CPT procedure code for global periods of 10- or 90-days.
Exceptions to the Use of Modifiers “-54” and “-55”
Physicians who provide follow-up services for minor procedures performed in emergency departments bill the
appropriate level of E/M code, without a modifier.
Physicians Who Furnish the Entire Global Package.
Physicians who furnish the surgery and furnish all of the usual pre-and post-operative care may bill for the
global package by entering the appropriate CPT code for the surgical procedure only. Separate billing is not
allowed for visits or other services that are included in the global package.
Physicians Who Furnish Part of a Global Surgical Package.
More than one physician may furnish services included in the global surgical package. It is possible that the
physician who performs the surgical procedure does not furnish the follow-up care. Payment for the postoperative, post-discharge care is split among two or more physicians where the physicians agree on the
transfer of care.
How are minor procedures and endoscopies handled?
Minor procedures and endoscopies have post-operative periods of 10 days or zero days (indicated by 010 and
000, respectively).
For 10-day post-operative period procedures, Medicare does not allow separate payment for post-operative
visits or services within 10 days of the surgery that are related to recovery from the procedure. If a diagnostic
biopsy with a 10-day global period precedes a major surgery on the same day or in the 10-day period, the
major surgery is payable separately. Services by other physicians are generally not included in the global fee
for minor procedures.
What services are not included in the global surgery payment?
Initial consultation or evaluation of the problem by the surgeon to determine the need for major
surgeries. This is billed separately using the modifier “-57” (Decision for Surgery). This visit may be
billed separately only for major surgical procedures.
What services are included in the global surgery payment?
Medicare includes the following services in the global surgery payment:
Pre-operative visits after the decision is made to operate.
For major procedures, this includes preoperative visits the day before the day of surgery. For minor procedures, this includes pre-operative
visits the day of surgery.
Intra-operative services that are normally a usual and necessary part of a surgical procedure.
Post-operative period of
the surgery because of complications, which do not require additional trips to the operating room.
Follow-up visits during the post-operative period of the surgery that are related to recovery from
the surgery.
Medicaid
https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/index.html
Eligibility: Medicaid provides health coverage to millions of Americans, including eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant women, elderly adults and people with disabilities. Medicaid is administered by states, according to federal requirements. The program is funded jointly by states and the federal government.
Medicaid Spend down program:
https://medicaid.utah.gov/Documents/pdfs/Medicaid_Spenddown.pdf
Medicaid for those who have low income, so there is a criteria of income or limitation of income to get eligible for Medicaid, Medicaid law allows some people with
very limited income to be on Medicaid for
free. If your countable income is more than
the set limit for your household size, Medicaid allows you to spend down to the
income limit to be eligible for Medicaid.
A spenddown is the difference between your
countable income and the income limit for the
medical program. Your gross income is reduced
by allowable deductions and then compared
to the income limit for your household size.
If your monthly health care costs are more
than your monthly spenddown, it may save
you money to pay your spenddown. If your
spenddown amount is more than your health
care costs, you cannot spenddown to receive
Medicaid.
https://www.medicaid.gov/resources-for-states/downloads/macpro-ig-handling-excess-income-spenddown.pdf
Cpt Code Range
5 digits numeric and alfa numeric code.
99202-99499 Evaluation& Management
00100-01999 Anesthesia
10004-19499 Integumentary System
20100-29999 Musculoskeletal System
30000-32999 Respiratory System
33016-37799 Cardiovascular System
38100-39599 Hemic & Lymphatic System
40490-49999 Digestive System Male
50010-53899 Urinary System
54000-55980 Male Genital System
56404-58999 Female Genital System
59000-59899 Maternity Care &Delivery
60000-60699 Endocrine System
61000-64999 Nervous System
65091-68899 Eye & Ocular Adnexa
69100-69979 Auditory System
70010-79999 Radiology
80047-89398 Pathology & Laboratory
90281-90999 Medicine Vaccine, Toxoids, Psychiatry, Dialysis,
91010- 93998 Gastroenterology, Ophthalmology, Cardiovascular,
94002-99607 Pulmonary, Allergy, Endocrinology, Neurology, Behavioral, Chemotherapy,
ICD 10 Codes
A00–B99 Infectious/parasitic diseases
C00–D49 Neoplasms
D50–D89 Blood diseases
E00–E89 Endocrine/metabolic diseases
F01–F99 Mental/behavioral disorders
G00–G99 Nervous system diseases
H00–H59 Eye/adnexa diseases
H60–H95 Ear/mastoid diseases
I00–I99 Circulatory system diseases
J00–J99 Respiratory system diseases
K00–K95 Digestive system diseases
L00–L99 Skin diseases
M00–M99 Musculoskeletal system diseases
N00–N99 Genitourinary system diseases
O00–O9A Pregnancy/childbirth
Q00–Q99 Congenital malformations
R00–R99 Conditions not elsewhere classified
S00–T88 Injury, poisoning, external causes
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Some clinical laboratory tests must also be submitted with HCPCS modifier QW. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determines which laboratory tests are waived. Please note that not all CLIA-waived tests require HCPCS modifier QW.
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